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A cough is a natural reflex that helps clear the airways of dust, irritants, foreign particles, or mucus. Many things can trigger it, including viral infections like the common cold or flu, allergies, environmental irritants, asthma, or acid reflux related to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Coughs are generally classified into two types:

• Acute coughs, which last less than three weeks
• Persistent coughs, which continue for more than three weeks

When a cough brings up mucus or phlegm, it’s known as a productive cough, which can be linked to conditions such as pneumonia, bronchitis, or the flu. A cough that doesn’t produce mucus is called a dry or non‑productive cough.

If a cough lasts more than 3 weeks, or is accompanied by blood or a high fever, it’s important to seek medical advice to rule out more serious concerns.