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Bad breath, also known as halitosis, is a widespread and often uncomfortable problem that can affect people of all ages. It most commonly stems from inadequate oral hygiene, which allows bacteria to accumulate on the teeth, gums, and tongue. As these bacteria break down food debris, they produce unpleasant‑smelling gases. Dry mouth, strong‑smelling foods like garlic and onions, smoking, and certain medical conditions — including sinus infections, acid reflux, and gum disease — can also contribute.

Good daily habits such as brushing, flossing, and cleaning the tongue play a key role in reducing bad breath. Staying well‑hydrated and choosing alcohol‑free mouthwash can further support fresher breath. When bad breath continues despite consistent oral care, it may point to an underlying health concern, and checking in with a GP or dentist can help identify the cause.