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A bladder infection, or cystitis, is a common form of urinary tract infection (UTI) that develops when bacteria — most often E. coli — enter the bladder and trigger inflammation. It occurs more frequently in women because their shorter urethra makes it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder.

Typical symptoms include needing to urinate more often, a burning feeling when urinating, cloudy or strong‑smelling urine, discomfort in the lower abdomen, and occasionally blood in the urine. Some people may also experience a mild fever. Bladder infections can be linked to factors such as poor hygiene, sexual activity, certain contraceptives, or the use of catheters.

Managing a bladder infection usually involves staying well‑hydrated, maintaining good personal hygiene, and seeking medical advice for appropriate treatment. If not addressed promptly, the infection can travel to the kidneys and lead to more serious complications.