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Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal condition that occurs when the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina becomes disrupted. Under normal circumstances, healthy bacteria help keep the vaginal environment stable, but when harmful bacteria multiply, BV can develop. The exact trigger isn’t always known, though factors such as douching, having new or multiple sexual partners, and low levels of lactobacilli (the beneficial bacteria) can increase the likelihood.

Typical signs of BV include a thin, grey‑white discharge with a noticeable fishy smell, particularly after sex, and sometimes mild itching or irritation. Some women, however, may have no symptoms at all. Although BV isn’t classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), it can raise the risk of acquiring STIs and may lead to complications during pregnancy. If symptoms continue or keep coming back, seeking medical advice is important for accurate diagnosis and appropriate care.