What are Ovarian Cysts?
By: MediLeave Editorial Team, Medically Reviewed by Dr Sabrina Campbell BSc MBBS MRCGP FRACGP MSc
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that commonly develop as part of the normal menstrual cycle. Most are harmless and disappear without causing symptoms. However, if a cyst bursts, it can lead to sudden pelvic pain that may require medical review.
Why Ovarian Cysts Form
Each month, a follicle grows on the ovary to release an egg. Usually, it breaks down afterward. If the egg is not released properly or the follicle does not dissolve, fluid can build up and form a cyst. This is very common in women of reproductive age.
Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts
Many cysts cause no symptoms at all. When they do, discomfort is usually:
- On one side of the lower abdomen
- A dull ache or a feeling of pressure or heaviness
- Sometimes worse during sex
Doctors may monitor cysts that are larger or appear unusual on ultrasound.
What Happens When a Cyst Ruptures?
When pressure builds inside a cyst, it can burst and release fluid into the pelvis. This typically causes:
- Sudden, sharp pelvic pain
- Pain that may settle into a dull ache afterward
The fluid can irritate surrounding tissues, which may also lead to nausea, dizziness, or vaginal spotting.
When to Seek Medical Care
Symptoms of a ruptured cyst can overlap with other urgent conditions such as appendicitis, ectopic pregnancy or ovarian torsion. It is important to seek medical care if you experience:
- Sudden, severe lower abdominal pain
- Pain that is different to usual menstrual discomfort
- Faintness, dizziness or rapid breathing
- Fever or chills
- Vomiting
- Heavy vaginal bleeding not related to your period
A clinician can assess your symptoms, arrange an ultrasound if needed, and determine the best treatment plan.
Managing Pain at Home
If a ruptured cyst has been diagnosed and symptoms are mild:
- Heat therapy (e.g. warm packs)
- Rest and hydration
- Gentle movement or warm baths
- Over-the-counter pain relief such as ibuprofen or paracetamol
These measures can help ease discomfort as the fluid is naturally reabsorbed.
If you are unsure whether your symptoms are normal or feel concerned about sudden pelvic pain, you can book a telehealth appointment with MediLeave and speak with an online doctor for guidance, assessment and next-step care.
The content provided is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, nor is it a substitute for professional medical consultation. If you are experiencing symptoms or have concerns related to vaginal discharge or reproductive health, please seek advice from a qualified healthcare professional. The views or recommendations expressed in this article and any linked resources do not necessarily reflect those of MediLeave or its affiliates.
